South Sudan

 

East African Leaders Press for Peace in South Sudan

December 27, 2013 |

African leaders who met in South Sudan to try to mediate the conflict that threatens to unravel the world’s newest country said talks had been “promising,” but admitted that it was not clear when a ceasefire might be agreed upon.
Following nearly two weeks of fighting that has left thousands dead, a high-level delegation, including Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta and Ethiopia’s Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn, arrived in the capital Juba to meet President Salva Kiir on Thursday.
Kenya had previously hosted talks that led to South Sudan’s independence in 2011, ending five decades of intermittent war with northern neighbor Sudan.
“The meeting was promising. We were able to agree on what needs to be done next, it is just a question of when,” an official present at the talks told the Guardian. He said the closed-door meeting had lasted for two hours, involving key cabinet members and international partners.
“Last time we were involved, we were able to successfully negotiate a deal,” said a Kenyan official present at the latest mediation round. “But this time the stakes are different: we are talking about safeguarding a fragile democracy. We’re hopeful but these things take time.”
The official added: “This is something African countries cannot look away from.”
The delegates were the latest in a stream of international dignitaries visiting South Sudan, including representatives from Norway and the United States, as well as eastern African neighbors Somalia and Djibouti. Delegations from China and the United Nations, which this week agreed to nearly double the number of peacekeeping forces to 15,000, are also expected in the following days.
In a Christmas day message, Ban Ki-Moon, the U.N. secretary general, said: “We know many of you are suffering from horrific attacks. Many of you have lost loved ones and are grieving. Innocent civilians are being targeted because of their ethnicity. This is a grave violation of human rights.
“We are strengthening the U.N. presence and will do our best to stop the violence and help you build a better future for all.”
The most recent – and most violent – fighting erupted after gunmen fired at the presidential palace on Dec. 15. A day later, shedding his customary black suit and matching hat, the president appeared on state television dressed in military fatigues and blamed his former deputy, Riek Machar, for attempting a coup.
Fighting spread rapidly across the country, pitching Nuers against Dinkas, the ethnicities of Machar and Kiir respectively.
Ethiopia’s foreign minister, Tedros Adhanom, who was also at the talks, said the meeting had been “very constructive and very candid.”
He said: “The issues we discussed were, among others, the cessation of hostilities, an immediate start of dialogue to settle the issue politically, the detainees who were suspects of the coup, and the fourth is the humanitarian crisis.”
Source: The Guardian

 

Hundreds Killed in South Sudan as Conflict Intensifies After Coup Attempt

After the South Sudan president, Salva Kiir, announced Sunday that his government had put down a coup attempt led by his former vice president, Riek Machar, the dissident faction has now overtaken a key town in the rural state of Jonglei and hundreds of people have been killed in the growing conflict.
The spokesman for the South Sudan military, Philip Aguer, said authorities in the state capital of Bor were not answering their phones. Officials in the South Sudan government believe this is because they have defected.
“We lost control of Bor to the rebellion,” Aguer said.
A spokesman for the U.N. secretary general’s office said that according to the Red Cross, at least 19 civilians had been killed in Bor.
The BBC reports that Bor, the capital of Jonglei,  has long been seen as one of the most volatile areas of South Sudan.
There were also rising tensions in Unity and Upper Nile states, as soldiers from the majority Dinka tribe of President Kiir are clashing with those from the Nuer ethnic group of the ousted Vice President Machar.
Since the alleged coup attempt on Sunday, at least 500 people had been killed, most of them soldiers, and at least 700 more have been wounded, according to the information minister, Michael Makuei Lueth.
The U.N. has asked Uganda’s president, Yoweri Museveni, to mediate between the rival factions.
Machar denied allegations that he was responsible for the coup, telling the BBC, ”Salva wanted to frame me. I had to flee. They are hunting me down.”
He blamed Sunday’s fighting on a conflict between members of the presidential guard, and charged that government troops had used the incident to arrest some of his supporters.
This latest conflict has been building since July, when Kiir dismissed his entire cabinet, including Machar, in an apparent power struggle. Machar and other senior politicians have accused the president of intolerance and dictatorship. Their struggle is a reflection of a larger ethnic conflict in the world’s newest country. The Nuer have been complaining that the government is dominated by Dinka.
At a news conference yesterday, Kiir said in Juba that he was willing to enter talks with Machar, his archrival within the ruling Sudan People’s Liberation Movement.
U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said on Wednesday that South Sudan was experiencing a political crisis that “urgently needs to be dealt with through political dialogue.”
Meanwhile, to the southwest of South Sudan, Central African Republic, a country that has been overrun with horrific violence, received a visit from Samantha Power, the new U.S. ambassador to the U.N.
Power said she was visiting because she wanted to see for herself the horror in CAR, where she is scheduled to meet with government leaders, peacekeepers, aid workers and civilians who survived machete-wielding militias.
“To take a plane in here at this stage is very important and very much a sign of the priority the president attaches to events on the ground and, ultimately, stabilization in the Central African Republic,” she said aboard an Air Force plane from Washington.

The U.S. has no economic or strategic interests in CAR, but Power built her reputation on alerting the world to mass atrocities, such as the one that occurred in Rwanda. In the CAR, at least 600,000 people have been chased from their homes, according to the U.N.  About 500 have been killed in the past month in the capita Bangui alone.

“She has been the chief advocate for a stronger U.S. role in dealing with the situation in the Central African Republic, which has led Obama to rapidly scale up the amount of money the Americans are providing,” said Peter Bouckaert, a researcher at Human Rights Watch whose scary report on the recent violence in the country was released on Thursday. “At the same time, going for a United Nations peacekeeping mission is a very expensive venture, and it is a commitment they’re not ready to make at the minute.”